Autoantibodies to Glutamate decarboxylase / GAD-65
General information:
Immunological marker in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus along with anti-insulin antibodies (IAA), tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2Ab) antibodies and Zn T8 Antibodies to Zinc Transporter.
The attenuators against Langerhans' beta-cells (so-called autoantigens) appear before the clinical manifestation of diabetes. In childhood, they have a high concentration and are a predictor of the risk of type 1 diabetes. It is recommended to determine them for diagnosis and administration of insulin therapy.
Due to the long presence of anti-GAD-A (for years) and their predominance over ICA / IA2, the positive anti-GAD test appears to be the most reliable serologic marker for autoimmune insulin in adults (diagnostic sensitivity above 60%
Risk patients are:
- patients with normal weight
- age> 35 years
- family story for Type 1 IP
- insulin deficiency (reduced or low fasting plasma C-peptide levels and glucagon stimulation) without or with minimal insulin deficiency; decreasing BMI
- low frequency of diabetes-related chronic complications or of markers of metabolic syndrome (arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia) in detecting the disorder in glucose
- homeostasis and during the first 5 years after the diagnosis
For the confirmation of LADA, immunological parameters (screening for anti-GAD-A? And ICA) should be determined in these patients as well as the C-peptide
The high titer of anti-GAD-A? And positive multi-specific antibody assays are indicative of beta-cell stress / destruction and have been associated with decreased or low levels of plasma C-peptide which is a clearly detectable marker for decreased and declining beta- function.
SAMPLE REQUIRED:
Venous blood in the morning in fasting
Key words:
Autoantibodies to Glutamate decarboxylase / GAD-65