Anaerobic flora

General Information:

Anaerobic microorganisms are important pathogens and agents of many infectious processes. The most common are those affecting skin and soft tissues, intra-abdominal, genital system, oral and dental infections. Anaerobic microorganisms are often part of a mixed flora, but it is also possible to identify them individually. Typical of anaerobic infection are changes in underlying tissues, suppuration (purulent secretion), unpleasant smelly secretion.

 The most common causes of anaerobic infection are:

• Oral, gingival, dental infections:
  Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Actinobacillus spp.
• Gastrointestinal tract:
  only for intra-abdominal materials in hospital settings: Clostridium, Bacteroides, Fusobacterium spp.
• Clostridium difficile associated colitis
• Female urogenital system:
• Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Actinomyces, Mobiluncus, Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis spp, the role of anaerobes in bacterial vaginosis (BV-complex)

Bacterial vaginosis; Gardnerella-Infection Kolpitis - Bacterial vaginosis is a disturbance of the normal flora of the vagina without an inflammatory nature in which the normal (lactobacillus-dominant) flora is replaced by anaerobic Gardnerella microorganisms in high concentrations.

The reasons behind the development of bacterial vaginosis are still unclear even though they are related to sexual activity, the number of sexual partners, the presence of genital pathology (including infections), hygienic habits (vaginal lavages), contraceptive methods, immunological status, use of antibiotics, hormonal changes, socio-economic factors, etc.

Bacterial vaginosis is found in 10% in women of reproductive age (18-40 years). Gardnerella vaginalis can be isolated in men whose relatives have recurrent bacterial vaginosis. Systemic treatment of men, however, does not affect the incidence of infection and the extent of cure in women. For this reason, bacterial vaginosis is not considered a classical sexually transmitted infection. Gardnerella vaginalis is the woman's vagina at very low concentrations, about 5%, along with other microbial flora. 95% of the vagina flora consists of acidophilic lactobacilli that protect the vagina from infections. When lactobacilli decrease, the pH of the vagina increases and this creates conditions for the development of Gardnerella in large quantities.

Subjective complaints in women are - slight itching and discomfort in the vagina, a draft with an unpleasant odour described as fish odour and occurring often only after sexual intercourse or menstruation. In some rare cases, the stream is abundant and foamy, similar to that of trichomonasis, but there are no inflammatory changes.

Bacterial vaginosis recurrence is common, so it is advisable to have follow-up examinations and prolonged prophylaxis. Male partner treatment does not affect the outcome of treatment in women and the risk of recurrences.

Very often it accompanies ureaplasm infection, so in case of recurrent bacterial vaginosis, myoplasm and ureaplasm should be considered as a must.

Sample Required:

Vaginal from the vaginal arch, deep wound material, deep dental tissue

The material is taken by the specific specialist: surgeon, AG, dental practitioner.

Due to the specificity of the material, specific transport environments are used to provide optimal diagnostic conditions.

Key words:

Vaginal secretion, anaerobic flora, Bacterial vaginosis